Esau

Etymology and Meaning

Esau is the anglicized form of the Hebrew name עֵשָׂו (ʿEsaw), which possibly means "hairy." This etymology is directly tied to the biblical account of his birth, as he was born with a ruddy complexion and covered in hair, like a garment (Genesis 25:25). The name reflects his physical appearance and contrasts with his twin brother Jacob, whose name derives from a root meaning "to follow" or "to supplant."

Biblical Narrative

In the Old Testament, Esau is the elder son of Isaac and Rebecca, and the twin brother of Jacob. According to the Book of Genesis, he sold his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of lentil stew (Genesis 25:29-34), later cursing Jacob but eventually reconciling. When Isaac was old and blind, Jacob disguised himself as Esau (wearing goatskins to mimic his brother's hairy skin) to receive the elder son's blessing from Isaac (Genesis 27:1-40). Esau is also known as Edom (meaning "red"), since he was born reddish and asked for the red stew; he became the progenitor of the Edomites (Genesis 36:1).

Cultural and Religious Significance

The story of Esau has deep historical layers, serving as a symbolic narrative for the relationship between the Kingdoms of Israel and Edom. The Christian New Testament references Esau in the Epistles to the Romans and Hebrews, and he is also mentioned by prophets Obadiah and Malachi. In Rabbinic literature, Esau is often seen as an adversary of Israel, representing Rome or other oppressive empires—a tradition that shapes eschatological (end times) expectations. Beyond religious texts, Esau's name and tale appear widely in art, literature, and popular culture, often as a cautionary tale about impulsiveness and the loss of one's birthright.

• Meaning: "hairy" (uncertain)
• Origin: Hebrew (ʿEsaw)
• Type: Biblical first name
• Usage regions: English Bible, Greek Bible, Latin Bible