Kings, Tsars and Princes of Serbia
Stefan Nemanja united Serbian lands in the 12th century as Grand Župan of Raška, achieving virtual independence from Byzantium. In 1346, Stefan Uroš IV Dušan proclaimed himself Tsar. The Ottoman victory at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 reduced Serbia to a vassal state, and full Ottoman conquest came in 1459. After 400 years of Ottoman rule, Serbian revolts in the early 19th century led to renewed independence, and Serbia became a kingdom again in 1882. The last three kings ruled Yugoslavia; the final king, Petar II, was deposed by Communists.
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