Denag

Denag (fl. 459) is a feminine given name of Middle Persian origin, derived from the word 𐭣𐭩𐭭 (den), meaning "character, conscience, religion". It was borne by several queens consort of the Sasanian Empire, most notably Denag, the wife of Shah Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457). Following her husband's death, she temporarily ruled as queen regent from the capital Ctesiphon during the civil war between her sons, Hormizd III and Peroz I, in 457–459. After Peroz I's victory, she remained a respected figure; her name reflects the Zoroastrian emphasis on den as a core concept of faith and inner self.

The Sasanian era (224–651 CE) valued this name among royal women, with earlier princesses also named Denag, suggesting a dynastic or religious significance. As a personal name, Denag embodies the spiritual ideals of the Zoroastrian tradition, central to Persian culture.

• Meaning: "character, conscience, religion"
• Origin: Middle Persian
• Type: Feminine given name
• Usage: Historical (Sasanian Empire), modern as a rare revival
• Notable bearers: Denag, queen consort of Yazdegerd II and regent for her sons (457–459)