Astarte

Astarte is the Hellenized form of the ancient Near Eastern goddess ʿAṯtart, known in Northwest Semitic traditions as Ashtoreth. In Greek mythology and history, Astarte became associated with the goddess Aphrodite due to her domains of love and fertility, as well as with Artemis in her martial aspects. The name Astarte (Ἀστάρτη) entered Greek usage through Phoenician and Canaanite contact during the Bronze Age and later became a fixture in Greek Bible translations for the Hebrew term Ashtoreth.

Etymology

The goddess's name derives from the Semitic root ʿṯtr, possibly relating to the Evening Star (Venus). This root is also the basis for the Ishtar of Mesopotamia, making Astarte cognitively parallel to the Sumerian Inanna (the goddess of love and war). Ancient Egyptian records from the New Kingdom period also mention a goddess 'i-s-t-r-t or Astart (Astertas) who was conflated with Isis. The name Ashtoreth (vocalized within the whole Hebrew Scriptures) resulted from scripture using the laryngeal plosive [ʿ], leading to ʿAshrōreth in Greek.

Worship and Significance

Astarte was widely venerated from the Bronze Age through classical times, especially in Phoenician city-states such as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. In Ugaritic texts (c. 13th century BCE), 'Athtart appears as a goddess associated with power: 'Ugarit's royal rituals mention her alongside male protective figures. Prostitutes at her temples possibly gave Mesopotamian Ishtar notoriety; Tyrian colonists carried the cult to new Az Western Asia settlements in Cyprus, Carthage (via 'Anat), and their eventual colonies across toward Sicily. Early Cypro-Phoenician dedications called milγś‘ere (“the ba‘al of Sidonians”) reminiscent of Baalat. Apollo’s patronage with another that identified Astaroth (biblical Dukes of 19: 'Is-kah-sâ'mi al 42, linking to regional names)]{title}). Under Romans she was transmitted through continuous stations echinoderm where Punic language inscribed dedicated the script attributed an historical forms name : these actually later refer back nearly.

Notable Bearers of the Name

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In Popular Culture

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