Herod is a name derived from the Greek Ἡρῴδης (Herodes), which means "song of the hero," from ἥρως (heros, "hero, warrior") and ᾠδή (ode, "song, ode"). It was used by several Roman-client rulers of Judea, most infamously Herod the Great and his son Herod Antipas, both prominent in the New Testament. Etymology The name Herodes is a Greek compound that may also be interpreted as "heroic" or "worthy of a hero." The Herodian dynasty ruled Judea roughly from 37 BC to AD 92, and the name became emblematic of their line, appearing repeatedly among its male members. Variant forms include the Ancient Greek Heroides and the Biblical Latin Herodes. Historical and Biblical Context Herod the Great, who ruled from 37–4 BC, is known for extensive building projects including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. However, he is chiefly remembered for the New Testament account of the "Massacre of the Innocents"—his order to kill all male infants in Bethlehem in an attempt to eliminate the infant Jesus (Matthew 2:16–18). Historical sources such as The Jewish War by Flavius Josephus provide a more complex picture of a capable yet paranoid ruler. Herod Antipas (4 BC–AD 39) was a son of Herod the Great who became tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. According to the Gospels, he ordered the beheading of John the Baptist and later met Jesus during the Passion (Luke 23:6–12). Played a role in the trial of Jesus, whom he mocked before sending back to Pontius Pilate. The Herod name continues to evoke tyranny and cruelty in Western culture. It is rare as a given name today, and used almost exclusively with biblical or historical reference. Usage Herod is categorized as a masculine personal name and is found in English-language Bibles. The derived surname Herodian refers to members of the dynasty or supporters of the house. In modern usage, almost nonexistent as an option—personal perceptions. Meaning: "song of the hero" Origin: Greek, via the Herodian dynasty of Judea Type: Personal name Usage: English Bible, historical contexts Related forms: Heroides (Ancient Greek), Herodes (Latin)