Eithne (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɛhnʲə]) is a feminine given name of Irish origin, meaning "kernel" or "grain" — derived from the Old Irish word etne. The name is deeply rooted in Irish mythology, history, and hagiography. One of its most famous mythological bearers is Eithne (or Ethniu), a Fomorian princess who became the mother of the great hero Lugh Lámfada. According to legend, Eithne was the daughter of Balor, the Fomorian king with a deadly eye, and her marriage to Cian of the Tuatha Dé Danann produced Lugh, who would later slay Balor. The myth highlights Eithne as a pivotal figure bridging warring supernatural races. Etymology and Variants The etymological meaning "kernel" or "grain" has been associated with Eithne's connection to fertility and abundance in Irish culture. The name has numerous variant spellings and forms, including: Ena, Enya, Ethna, Aithne, Ethne, and Ethniu. It has also historically been Anglicized as Edna, though that is etymologically unrelated. Notable Bearers Eithne was borne by numerous early saints and queens in Irish tradition. Saint Eithne, along with her sister Sodelb, were Leinster saints commemorated in local lore. Another Eithne was the daughter of the king of Alba (Scotland), who married the High King Fiacha Finnfolaidh and became the mother of Tuathal Teachtmhar, a legendary ancestor of the Connachta. Saint Columba's mother was also named Eithne, lending the name further religious significance. Additionally, the sisters Eithne and Fidelma are recorded as princesses baptized by Saint Patrick himself. The name also appears among the ancient warriors: Eithne Tháebfhota, reportedly the third wife of Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles), and Eithne, mother of the famous High King Cormac mac Airt in some accounts. Cultural Significance The rich mythological associations of Eithne, especially as the mother of Lugh — who corresponds to the pan-Celtic god Lugus — root the name in Ireland's deepest heroic narratives. Lugh himself is a figure of light and skill, integrating Eithne into the story of the Tuatha Dé Danann's conflict with the Fomorians. Her meaning as "grain" also ties her to agrarian motifs in Celtic seasonal festivals. Meaning: "Kernel" or "grain" in Old Irish. Origin: Ireland; originally from an Old Irish pagan context. Type: Feminine given name. Usage Regions: Primarily Ireland, also used in the Irish diaspora. Variants: Ena, Enya, Ethna, Aithne, Ethne, Ethniu.