Dareios is the Greek form of Darius, a name borne by several ancient Persian kings. Deriving from the Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁 (Darayauš) and originally 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (Darayavauš), it means "possessing goodness", from 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹 (daraya) "to possess, to hold" and 𐎺𐎢 (vau) "good". Etymology Dareios enters Greek via the transcription of Old Persian into the Greek alphabet. The most famous bearer, Darius I (Darius the Great), ruled the Achaemenid Empire from 522 to 486 BCE and expanded it to its greatest territorial extent. He is known for his administrative innovations, building projects such as Persepolis, and his ill-fated invasion of Greece, which culminated in the defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, as reported by Herodotus. Two later Persians kings bore the name: Darius II (423–404 BCE) and Darius III (336–330 BCE), the last Achaemenid monarch, overthrown by Alexander the Great. Notable Bearers Beyond the Persian kings, Dareios appears in the Greek Bible (Septuagint) for the biblical Darius the Mede mentioned in the Book of Daniel. In modern times, it is rarely used as a given name in English-speaking countries, though it gained some popularity in the later 20th century, notably among African-American communities. In the world of classical and Biblical scholarship, Dareios remains the standard Greek transliteration. Related Forms The name has numerous linguistic variants reflecting its spread across cultures. In Lithuanian, it appears as Darijus, sometimes honoring aviator Steponas Darius. Italian and Persian have Dario and Dariush respectively, and Croatian features a diminutive-like Darijo. The original Old Persian forms are Darayavauš and its shortened Darayauš. Meaning: “possessing goodness” Origin: Greek transcription of Old Persian Darayavauš Usage: Biblical (Greek), Ancient Persian, rare but emergent in English and Scandinavian contexts? Notable bearers: Three Persian kings, including Darius the Great