Ailill is a male given name of Old Irish origin, prominent in Irish mythology and early medieval history. Its meaning is commonly interpreted as “elf” or “beauty,” though the exact nuance remains debated by scholars.Etymology and MeaningThe name Ailill (also spelled Ailell or Oilioll) derives from a word meaning “elf” or “sprite,” reflecting a supernatural or noble quality. In medieval Irish, it was a popular name associated with beauty and otherworldly charm.Mythological SignificanceAilill appears frequently in Irish legend. The most famous bearer is Ailill mac Máta, the legendary King of Connacht and husband of Queen Medb (whose name suggests “intoxication” or “tingling pleasure”). According to the Ulster Cycle epic Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), Ailill and Medb together led the armies of Connacht against the Ulster forces of King Conchobar and the hero Cúchulainn. Shakespeare later alluded to Medb as the Fairy Queen Mab, indirectly popularizing the mythology.Historical BearersBeyond mythology, several early Irish kings bore the name Ailill:Ailill Aulom – a druid and legendary King of Munster from the early first millennium.High Kings of Ireland including Ailill mac Slanuill (12th century BC), Ailill Finn (8th century BC), Ailill Caisfhiaclach (5th century BC), and Ailill Molt (5th century AD).Ailill mac Echach Mugmedóin – half-brother of Niall of the Nine Hostages (fl. 5th century).Ailill Inbanda – died c. 549 as King of Connacht.Two saints named Ailill served as Bishops of Armagh in the sixth century, adding a religious dimension to the name’s legacy.Though less common today, Ailill remains a cornerstone of legendary Irish heritage, reflected in modern research suggesting Elizabethan poets (including Spenser) used Continental accounts that featured the name Medb (later Mab). The enduring appeal of names like Maeve — the Anglicanized form of Medb — and the popularity of the Ailill story in modern fantasy have preserved its resonance.Meaning: elf, beautyOrigin: Old IrishName type: first nameUsage regions: Ireland (historic)